Kidney disease—especially chronic kidney disease (CKD)—is one of the most common health conditions affecting older cats. Often silent in its early stages, it can gradually impact your cat’s overall health, energy levels, and even lifespan.
In this vet-reviewed guide, we’ll explore:
- What kidney disease is
- What causes it
- The signs you should never ignore
- How to manage and care for a cat with CKD
- And answers to frequently asked questions at the end
What Is Kidney Disease in Cats?
The kidneys filter waste from the blood, regulate fluid balance, and control blood pressure. In cats with kidney disease, these vital organs progressively lose function.
There are two main types:
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Gradual, often age-related decline in kidney function.
- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Sudden and potentially reversible kidney failure caused by toxins, infections, or trauma.
What Causes Kidney Disease in Cats?
Common causes include:
- Aging (especially in cats over 7–10 years old)
- Genetics (e.g., Persian and Abyssinian cats are more prone)
- Toxins (like antifreeze, lilies, or human medications)
- Chronic infections (e.g., kidney infections or dental disease)
- High blood pressure
- Dehydration or poor diet over time
Signs & Symptoms of Kidney Disease in Cats
Many early signs are subtle, but catch them early for better outcomes. Watch for:
- Increased thirst and urination
- Weight loss and reduced appetite
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Lethargy or hiding
- Bad breath (often ammonia-like)
- Poor coat condition
- Mouth ulcers
- Weakness or stumbling
How Is Kidney Disease Diagnosed?
A vet will run:
- Blood tests (BUN, creatinine, SDMA levels)
- Urinalysis (to assess protein levels and concentration)
- Blood pressure measurements
- Imaging (like ultrasound) for structural issues
Early screening in senior cats can detect problems before symptoms start.
How to Care for a Cat With Kidney Disease
While CKD can’t be cured, it can be managed effectively with the right care:
1. Prescription Kidney Diets
Special diets lower in protein, phosphorus, and sodium reduce kidney workload. These diets can slow disease progression and improve quality of life.
2. Hydration is Key
Encourage water intake with:
- Fountains
- Wet food
- Adding water or broth to meals
- Subcutaneous fluids (as prescribed by your vet)
3. Medications
Your vet may prescribe:
- Blood pressure medications (like amlodipine)
- Phosphate binders
- Antacids or anti-nausea meds
- Potassium supplements
- Appetite stimulants
4. Regular Monitoring
Frequent checkups and lab work help adjust the treatment plan as needed.
5. Comfort & Environment
Keep your cat’s living space calm, warm, and stress-free. Provide easy access to litter boxes, food, and water.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: Can young cats get kidney disease?
Yes, although it’s more common in older cats, young cats can develop kidney issues from congenital conditions, infections, or toxin exposure.
Q2: Is kidney disease in cats painful?
Not usually in the early stages, but advanced disease may cause nausea, discomfort, or ulcers. Proper care and medication help keep cats comfortable.
Q3: How long can a cat live with kidney disease?
With early detection and management, many cats with CKD can live 2–4 years or longer with a good quality of life.
Q4: What foods should I avoid giving my cat with kidney disease?
Avoid high-protein, high-phosphorus, or salty foods. Table scraps, dairy, tuna in brine, or dry kibble not formulated for kidney support should be avoided.
Q5: Should I give supplements to my cat with CKD?
Only if prescribed by your vet. Some cats benefit from omega-3s, potassium, or phosphate binders, but dosing must be managed carefully.
Q6: Can kidney disease be prevented?
Not entirely, especially in aging cats. But feeding high-quality food, regular vet visits, staying hydrated, and avoiding toxins can help reduce risk.
Final Thoughts
Kidney disease may sound overwhelming, but with a vet-guided care plan, proper diet, and lots of love, many cats continue to live happy, comfortable lives.
If you suspect kidney issues, act early—it makes all the difference.
