Rectal polyps are an uncommon but important condition that can affect cats of all ages. These small, abnormal tissue growths form in the rectum or colon and can lead to symptoms like straining to defecate, blood in the stool, or even a visible mass. While they are often benign, polyps may cause discomfort and complications if left untreated.
In this vet-reviewed guide, we’ll explain what rectal polyps are, what causes them, how to recognize the signs, and what treatment options are available.
What Are Rectal Polyps in Cats?
Rectal polyps are small, inflamed, or abnormal tissue growths that extend from the inner lining of the rectum or colon. They can be:
- Benign (non-cancerous) – most common
- Pre-cancerous or cancerous – less common but possible
Some polyps are pedunculated, meaning they hang from a stalk, while others may be sessile and more difficult to detect during physical exams.
Common Causes of Rectal Polyps in Cats
While the exact cause isn’t always known, several potential contributors include:
1. Chronic Inflammation
Ongoing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, such as colitis, can lead to abnormal tissue growth.
2. Infections
Bacterial or parasitic infections may cause irritation that contributes to polyp formation.
3. Genetics
Some cats may be genetically predisposed to developing polyps, particularly those with chronic gastrointestinal issues.
4. Dietary Factors
Low-fiber diets or poor nutrition can impact colon health and may contribute to inflammation or straining.
5. Rectal Trauma or Straining
Repeated straining from constipation or diarrhea can irritate the lining of the rectum and promote polyp formation.
Signs & Symptoms of Rectal Polyps
Symptoms can vary depending on the size and location of the polyp(s), but common signs include:
- Straining to defecate (tenesmus)
- Blood or mucus in the stool
- Frequent small bowel movements
- Pain or vocalization while defecating
- Licking or biting at the rectal area
- Visible mass near the anus (in some cases)
- Weight loss or decreased appetite (if chronic)
Diagnosis
To diagnose rectal polyps, a veterinarian will typically carry out the following steps:
- Physical exam, including rectal palpation
- Proctoscopy or colonoscopy under sedation to view the rectum and colon
- Biopsy to determine whether the growth is benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous)
- Fecal tests to rule out parasites or infections
- Bloodwork to evaluate your cat’s overall health and to help rule out any underlying conditions that might be contributing to the problem
Treatment Options
The treatment approach varies based on the polyps’ type, size, quantity, and whether they’re noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant).
Surgical Removal (Polypectomy)
- Most common and effective treatment
- Typically done under general anesthesia
- May be performed via rectal approach or endoscopically
Antibiotics or Anti-Inflammatory Medications
- Used if inflammation or infection is present
- May be given after surgery to support healing
Dietary Changes
- High-fiber diets may help reduce straining and support colon health
- Prescription gastrointestinal diets may be recommended
Monitoring
- In cases where polyps are very small or not causing symptoms, vets may recommend regular monitoring
Complications & Prognosis
- Recurrence is possible, especially if inflammation is ongoing
- Malignant polyps may require more aggressive treatment (e.g., colon resection, chemotherapy)
- In most benign cases, surgical removal has a good prognosis with low risk of long-term problems
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: Are rectal polyps in cats cancerous?
Most are benign, but a biopsy is needed to confirm. Some can be pre-cancerous or, rarely, malignant.
Q2: Can rectal polyps go away on their own?
Unlikely. Most polyps require veterinary evaluation and removal if symptomatic.
Q3: Can rectal polyps cause pain for my cat?
Yes. Straining, inflammation, and obstruction can all cause discomfort or pain during defecation.
Q4: What can I do to prevent polyps?
While not always preventable, you can help by:
- Feeding a high-fiber, balanced diet
- Managing chronic GI conditions promptly
- Ensuring regular vet checkups
Final Thoughts
Rectal polyps in cats may not be common, but they can significantly impact your cat’s comfort and health. If you notice signs like straining, blood in the stool, or behavioral changes around the litter box, don’t ignore them—early veterinary intervention leads to the best outcomes.
If you’re ever unsure, it’s best to trust your instincts and consult your veterinarian. Your cat’s digestive health is too important to overlook.
